Referencing and avoiding plagiarism

Contents

1. Referencing and avoiding plagiarism
2. What is plagiarism?
   1. How to avoid plagiarism
   2. Examples of good and bad academic practice
   3. Activity 1
   4. Plagiarism of expression
3. Why you need to reference
4. What is referencing?
5. How to provide references 1
6. In-text citations (Author/date style)
7. How to provide references 2
   1. Footnotes, reference lists and bibliographies
   2. Activity 2
8. To reference or not to reference that is the question
9. Referencing: Think - Who? When? What? and Where?
10. Referencing books
    1. Referencing book chapters
    2. Activity 3
    3. Referencing eBooks
    4. eBooks: Finding the URL
    5. Activity 4
11. Referencing journal articles (print)
    1. Activity 5
12. Referencing electronic journal articles
    1. Electronic journals and Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs)
    2. Activity 6
    3. Referencing online reports (Government department)
    4. Referencing the Internet (webpages)
    5. Activity 7
13. Managing your referencing: EndNote
14. Summary

Referencing electronic journal articles

Journal articles in online collections (eJournals)
You may find that many of the electronic journals/newspapers that are available through the University Library can be accessed via online journal collections or databases such as Ebsco, ScienceDirect, Proquest..etc. An eJournal reference, in the Harvard style, would usually include the same pieces of information as a printed article, i.e. the Author, Year of publication, article AND journal title in addition to the volume/issue and page numbers (Who, When and What).

But in order for your reader to be able to find the article they will need to know the Where. So in a similar way to an eBook reference you would include:

Name of journal collection/database (in italics)
This is usually followed or preceded, depending on your referencing style, by the phrase [Online] in square brackets.

Then the phrase: Available at: (some referencing styles use Retrieved from)
and the Web address/URL of the journal collection/publisher.

Lastly you should include the Accessed: date - This will usually either be shown in round () or square [] brackets. Again this piece of information may not be required.

So an example of a full eJournal reference, in the Harvard style, would therefore read as follows:

When using other referencing styles such as APA, numbered, Vancouver etc. the formatting of your references may be different so check your guidelines/referencing style manuals for clarification.

The University subscribes to a wide range of online collections/journal databases. Browse Resources by Subject on NORA or look at the A-Z List of Databases to see what is available.

Please note that to access some of these resources you may require a username and password. For help with passwords go to the password webpage: http://www.northumbria.ac.uk/passwords or alternatively see the guide Logging into eResources.

If you are working off-campus, always try to use the desktopANYWHERE service as this automatically allows you access to many of the journals and databases we subscribe to. To find out more have a look at the desktopANYWHERE webpage: http://www.northumbria.ac.uk/dta